Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria during Intracellular Pathogen Infection of Mammalian Cells
Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate immunity against pathogens.ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune signals, induce autophagy san antonio spurs robe and activate inflammation.In addition, production of ROS by pathogens affects the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, l